https://digital.bronxhistoricalsociety.org/files/original/1513f0d5961dd650d611f3d29e5abb7f.pdf 5058697461391180150a8118fcd4e330 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bronx Schools Newspaper Collection, 1933–1969 Subject The topic of the resource Newspapers (The Bronx, New York) The New Deal (Walton High School) Science Survey (Bronx High School of Science) The Walton Log (Walton High School) Description An account of the resource The collection comprises various student newspapers from Bronx schools, including Bronx High School of Science and Walton High School. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The provenance of this collection is varied. Lewis Stone donated the publications from Walton High School in 2020. Dr. Steven Payne found the publications from Bronx High School of Science on a shelf in the library in 2020. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1933–1969 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Newspaper collection Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context NW-BXSCHOOLS Type The nature or genre of the resource Archival collection Periodical Text Any textual data included in the document T H EN E WD E A L December 21,1933 Vol. I . N o . I Walton High School, New York City The Government Taking the Dollar Why the Farmer The Roosevelt The Farmer's f o r a Ride Needs Saving Makes Ends Meet Balancing the Budget Revolution N e w Deal The Gold Standard Act of 1900 When the present agricultural sec- For several yoars our country had We are hearing more a n d more the farmer's plight is an outgrowth of of money value ni the United States. the East, they were content with their failed to balance its budget. This was day about the socalled "New One of the outstanding causes of makes the gold dollar the standard tions were open ot the farmers of every eWorld War. During the World lot, but asmoreand larger farms due to several causes: First, the de- Deal." But what does it mean? th the farm problembe- However, sudden upheavals ni our War t h econflictingnations had to e greatest problems pression wore created The broad purposes of the program cease cultivation of their land. As a economic s tructur su e, ch as depres- one of th which resulted ni smaler pro- are to allay fear, res tore con fidence, result the American farmer had on h of farms sions folowing booms, caused the that the UnitedStates has had to fits for business concerns, and which give relief and employment, revive immense foreign market as well as o govern men t to tem porarily suspend cope with. With the growt agriculture and industry, resto re pur- received high came the n e 0 0 for adequate and ni turn meant reduced income taxes, domestic chasing power, institute reforms, ef- p aym ent in gold. c h e a p transportation f decreased revenue from the tariff, acilities and fect economies and establish prices for his products, therefore it paid him to cultivate marginal land, Much of our currency si made up the necessity for adequate credit and al other taxes; second, the de- fional and cooperative planning ni -land which i t just pays to use. After of Federal Reserve Notes. These are facilities. The problem of the frontier the political and economic life the World War Europe again produc- backed by forty per cent of gold farmer was most difficult. He had ot fault of interest payments on foreign the nation. Fifteen major acts of the ed her own commodities, thus caus- and sixty per cent of commercial have money ot clear his lands, and to debts; third, the upward trend of the special session of the Seventy-third i n g a decline in the American far- by the Fod. buy farm implements a nd seeds. Congress, of March 9 to June 16. paper and are issued m e r ' s m a r k e t . T h e f a r m e r n o w h a s By r e c e n t C o n - C a p i t a l w a s a l s o n e e d e d ot c a r r y h i m war veterans' pension fund which T h u s 1 9 3 3 , c r e a t e d t e n b r a n d - n e w a g e n - two problems to face. How can he era l R oserve Banks. over to harvest time. totaled almost a billio n dollars. cies, al o f which were put into op- mortgage on the margi- gression al measures the Federal Ro. The farmer's problem has be en a the rove nue of the government was eration during this past summer. The n a land that he has brou ght under serve System has been made t he chief chronic one. cure seems to ten new and different experimen tal have a olw. eHsi foced w short of the fixed expenses by over cultivation, and what can he do with factor in the control of inflation. half a billion dollars for 1931, anda l l operating at once are: hti greto agencies of the Federal Government the excessive produce which he gets Folowing the depression of 1920- difficulties, such as: the weather. from this unnecessary land? 21, each person owed $1,290 on an transportation, overproduction, t h e wt o and one-half bilion dollars for I. The National Industry Recovery The farmer has lost his purchasing t a r i f f a n d e v e n c h a n g e s in e a t i n g 1932. The shortage for 1933 was Administration. (The N.R.A.) as a result of not being able average, and the total debt of the habits. estimated at one billion dollars. 2. The Agricultural Adjustment Ad- to power his wares. The overproduction country amounted to about 155 bil. se l The 1920's saw the farm problem ministration. T h e A.A.A.) has caused the price of farm products lion dollars. People engaged ni wild aggravated. The World War created Therefore the President and Con- 3. The Emergency Public Works to go down, and has tended Administration. (The P.W.A., speculat ion and con increased demand for farm pro- tinued investing gress had to devise some means of destroy the largest market for the The Office of the Federal Co. and re-invest ing until the stock ducts. This sent prices soaring up- increasing revenue os that our income products of our factories. market crash of October, 1929. Pricesward. This ni turn encouraged t h e would at least be as great, fi not ordinator of Transportation. The Agricultural Adjustment Act farmer to borrow money ni order to greater than our expenses. nI the The Federal Farm Credit Ad- signed by the President on May 13, fel and debt was overwhelming thepurchase more land, more machinery President's ministration. (The F.C.A.) country. The purchasing power of first message to Congress The Home Owners' Loan Cor- 1933, provided for: the people shrank faster than the sup- and equipment. After the war, there on March 10th, he laid particular em- p o r a t i o n under F e d e r a l A. The Domestic Allotment Plan of goods, and consequently thewas a surplus ni America which caus- ply ed a decline ni prices. Thousands of phasis on the necessity of balancing Home Loan Board. The H.O. which attempts to restore pre-war resulting reduction of prices increasedfarmers went bankrupt. The greater the budget. He appointed as Director L . C . ) prices by getting the producers of the purchasing power of the dollar:the mortgage, the greater the need of the Budget Lewis W. Douglas, a 7. T h eCivilian Conservation Corps. certain basic commodities to reduce there was detlation. Fear, bred by of the farmer to increase his produc- (The C.C.C.) their acreage. The Secretary of Agri- depression caused a run on the banks tion to pay his interest and principal. young Congressman from Arizona. The Tennessee Valley Authority culturedecidesthequantitiesofeach andawithdrawalandhoardingofThis defeateditsown purpose Director Douglas drew up an Corps. (TheT.V.A.] of the products needed ot satisfy the gold. Thusthe banking systemcol- domestic market. The farmer si given lapsed ni March, 1933. cause production increased the economy program, the main features 9. The Reorganized Reconstruction p r i c e of Finance Corporation. The R. farm products naturally de- of which were as follows: Reduction F.C.) governm ent g e t s bonus Besides declaring a bank holiday clined. of salaries of Senators and Represent- money b y taxing the processor (the the President said currency would no longer be redeemed gold, The problem of the farmer is con- atives from $10,000 ot $8,500 per agencies established by the Federal As we can see by al these new one who purchases the farmer's crop and gets it ready for the final con- hoarders were compe l le d to return n e c t e d with the tarift problem. After year; salaries of Federal employees the Civil War, the tariff remained Government, this New De al si trying . The tax cannot be more than the gold they had hidden. A com- help every part of the country on the ex- unchanged. That meant that the far- were reduced up ot a maximum of the difference between the present 15%: Civil War pensions were cut plete emb argo was placed and preserve the economic system of seling price of wheat and the pre- off the gold standard. The President commodities, Ibut in return he receiv- 10%: World War and Spanish-Amer- forward with the New Deal which port of gold. The country had gone mer had to pay a high price for his America. President Roosevelt came war price. was given the authority to inflate or ed very little for his produce. Some ican War pension lists were revised Congress enacted into law. Perhaps B. Land Leasing Privilege si given deflate the currency as he saw fit. of the tariffs enacted recently were and this resulted in the reduction of the most remarkable and significant to the Secretary, of Agriculture who designed to raise farm prices. Will a over a half billion dollars. of all the acts si the National Recov- has the right tolease any land taken To bring back prosperity, the pur-tarift on an exported article protect Administration. Why out of cultivation because of the chasing power of the people must bo the producer? Next, department heads were er- ery Indu was the Domestic Allotmen increased. With inflation people National strial R The Coton Malino have more money and higher wages, Cheap money - inflation seemsquested to submit a statement of made a law by Cong re o s c s o ? Tho last The government has a large amount but can get l e s sfor their dollar. to be the middle name of the farmer. their estimated expenses for the com- C o n g r e s s declared that a national of cotton ni its warehouses. The Sec- Many of them are always ni debt. nI- ing year at the lowest possible fig- economic emergency existed. The retary of Agriculture grant a President Roosevelt called for fl a t i o n of t h e c u r r e n c y is usually ac- ure. Now the President had a figure plight of the farmers, the millions of special cotton bonus to farmers who "sound but adequate currency" ni his companied by higher prices. If the of four and a hafl bilion dollars of unemployed in the cities, the thou- reduce their acreage on cotton. Far- inaugural address. April he was farmer gets more for his produce, he sands of bank, business, and indus- mers who agree to the cut on farm delegated of inflation by can pay his debts and lift the mort- expenses, which of course must ni trial failures, and the rising tide of acreage are given special options on Congress. gage on his house. clude interest on, and provision for revolt against the depression, resulted government owned cotton equal to Several laws have been passed t oamortization of, the public debt. A ni the gradual growth of the idea the amount of reduction of their cot. several methods help the farmer, one of which was the similar amount of revenue was re- t h a t something was f u n d a m e n t a l l y toncrop. task si to raise the prices to the level AgriculturalMarketing Act of 1929, quired ot meet these expenses, which wrong with the method of production Thegovernmentcottonsioptioned at which the adjustmentof debts, whichsoughttoorganize Cooper- didnotinclude specialappropriations and distribution. Everybody de- at the present olw prices O r charges si best effec- ative Associations. These cooper- manded that a way out of the crisis cotton acreage si reduced the price five. nI ctober hte government be- was of cotton. taxes, and othe atives would advise hte farmer, mar- for relief of the poor, for the Recon- be found, and Congress g a n t o e x p e r i m e n t in a n e n t o r t to ket his products and control his sur- struction Finance Corporation, Public forced to pass the N.I.R.A. This law stimulate an increase in prices by o t plus. The act also provided for a Works Fund and Agricultural Fund. was official recognition that the old increased For example: fering to purchase newly mined gold Federal Farm Board which was com- Part of these appropriations were to system did not adequately take care A farmer reduces his cotton acreage at a price greater than the world posed of nine members. This Board ebobtained by bond issaundesspe- of the workers who are dependent with a loss of 25 bales of cotton. He price. It is this phase of the Presi was voted a five hundred million dol- o n ions tor their maintenance. This is given the right to buy 25 bales of dent's policy that has been so strong lar revolving fund. With the aid of cial processing taxes on cotton, flour act gives eht government extraordi- government cotton, and despite the yl criticized ni recent weeks. this money, ti encouraged cooper- and other commodities. nary control over business. I g ives act that he receives this cotton at a ative associations and also used the New sources of revenue were con- unprecedented authority to the Presi- low price he can sell it when the price The balance wil depend upon the money for the purpose of storing and dent to regulate trade, industry, the rises at any time hewishes. following: marketing the farmer's produce.One sidered. Consequently, Congress re- hours of labor. the conditions of work. T h e r e is also another part to the I. Keeping ni step with the gen- of the devices used to control prices vised the income tax alws by increas- and industry, and eht power ot regu- A c t which gives the P r o ci d a n t t h a eral price level was hte creation of stabilization cor- ing the rates, imposing new taxes and late profits and ot fix prices. right to use any or al of the folow. .2 Spreading benefits evenly porations. The task of such a corpora- increasing olodnos. The Excise Tax The whole program of the New ing inflation methods. He need not among the people tion was ot buy up the surplus of the no ghitl wnies anbder was aslo en- Deal hopes ot eliminate the cause of use any of these methods if he thinks sufficient farmers' products with the acted ot cover the change made in panics. It hopes to reopen factories, they wil not help the situation. .3 Maintaining abolish child labor, provide for mini- A. Expanding Federal Reserve cre- dence to create mum wage. It hopes to remedy the s u c i r c u l a t i o n o p r o a r d o r mf h t n d o v s o t r e h t s i f i e h t V o l s t e a d A c t p e r m i t t i n g t h e s a l e dit by three billion. money and credit warehouses until the consumer de- of these beverages. The repeal of the evils of the present economic system B. Issuing three billian dollars 4. Self-control on the part ofni- manded it. It was thought that the Eighteenth Amendment opens up ad- by putting in the place of unlimited worth of currency backed by the cre-flation management price would go up if the supply de- ditional sourcesof revenue. competition. conroteld economy. dit of the United States and to be Avoiding practices that violent- creased. But the Cooperative Asso- Although the revenue on these which wil bring happiness and pros- used to buy United States securities. yl disturb international monetary re- ciations were unsuccessful partly be- pyetir ot hte many ti htsi fi ot hte- C . D e v a l u e gold content of the a t i o n s . cause they padi their executives huge various items has falen short of hte It believes that this wli be ac- dolar by 50% sums of money and the stabilization estimate, there sah ben a noticeable complished the worker D. President can fix a ratio be- Economic stability may be main- corporation continued ot store up the increase ni almost al of the imports. c or terhours andhigherWages,and tween gold and silver and put the tained by such methods with surplus every year and the revolving However, a great deal depends on the right to organize according to country on a bimetallic basis. planned and controlled program of fund was slowly exhausted. the revival of business, for as busi- their own desire. It believes that the inflation. the great danger is t h a t On May 12, 1933 the President manufacturer wil have to eliminate fowar dots ni siver dpayena may be impossible ot control the ex- signed the Agricultural Adjustment noss revives there will be a corres- waste ni production, excessive pro- ounce. tent of inflation. Act. ponding increase ni the tax yield. fits, and the evils of overproduction. Volume/Issue Volume and Issue of a periodical. Vol. 1, No. 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The New Deal, Vol. 1, No. 1 Subject The topic of the resource The New Deal Walton High School (Walton, N.Y.) Agriculture Agricultural Adjustment Act (1933) Gold Standard Act (1900) Agricultural Marketing Act (1929) New Deal Glass-Steagall Act (1933) Federal Water Power Act (1920) Home Loan Act National Industrial Recovery Act Description An account of the resource The New Deal, Vol. 1, No. 1. Containing the following articles: The Farmer's New Deal, Taking the Dollar for a Ride, Why the Farmer Needs Saving, The Government Makes Ends Meet, The Roosevelt Revolution, Banking Under the "New Deal", Uncle Sam Goes Into The Power Business, Saving the Home Owner, The Federal Relief Program, Building for Prosperity, The New Deal and the Railroads. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Walton High School Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource December 21, 1933 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The New Deal Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context NW-BXSCHOOLS.001.001.001